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分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。例如：
Being a teacher, he devoted himself to his students.
作为一个老师，他全心全意为他的学生。
Having learned English for many years, he is able to communicate with foreigners frequently.
学英语学了几年后，他能跟外国人流利地交谈。
现在分词：
有一般式、完成式，主动语态和被动语态之分。当句子主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动，如强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式。如：
The book being read is quite popular among the students.
正在被读的书在学生中很受欢迎。
Having been scolded three times, he finally decided to leave here.
被责备了三次后，他终于决定离开这儿。
过去分词：
过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。
分词的用法：
1．作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时，可表原因、时间、行为方式，伴随状况等。如：
Being ill, he has to stay at home.
因为病了，他只能呆家里。（表原因）
While sleeping, he suddenly heard a noise from the roof.
睡觉时，他突然听到从屋顶上传来一声音。
The woman came in followed by a child.
这个女的进来了，后面跟着一个小孩。（表方式）
几点该注意的：
①分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
②表时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。
③有时“with (without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词”的结构，表示伴随状况，如：
The man was led into the room, with his hand tied.
这个男人被带进房间，双手绑着。
④当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词必须有自己的主语。
It being fine, we want to go out.
天气很好，我们想出去。
He given more time, He work can be done better.
多给他点儿时间，他会干得更好的。
2．作定语
分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，单个的分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前，如：
The girl sitting there is my little sister.
坐在那儿的女孩是我的小妹妹。
The broken glasses lay on the ground.
那破了的杯子躺在地上。
注：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而改用定语从句。如：
The teacher praised the students who had behaved well in the activity.
老师表扬了在活动中表现出色的学生。
3．作表语
如：The story is astonishing.
这故事令人惊讶。
4．作宾语补足语
I heard him singing a song outside.
我听到他在外面唱歌。
注：在感官动词：see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的。用现在分词表动作正在发生，（即处于发生过程中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了，（即动作全过程结束了）。如：
I saw him playing on the playground.
我看到他在操场上玩。
I saw him play on the playground every day.
我见他每天都去操场玩。
巩固练习：
1．The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.
[ ]
A．taken
B．taking
C．being taken
D．have taken
2．The speech was so ______ that they were all ______.
[ ]
A．inspiring; exciting
B．inspiring; excited
C．inspired; excite
D．inspired; exciting
3．The teacher told the students to stop ______ to him.
[ ]
A．to write and listen
B．writing and listening
C．to write and listening
D．writing and to listen
4．Look, one of your shoes is broken. It needs ______.
[ ]
A．to be fixed
B．repaired
C．mending
D．to mend
5．Although he doesn't like most sports, he ______.
[ ]
A．enjoys swimming and skating
B．is a swimmer and he skates
C．likes swimming and he skates
D．likes to swim and a skater
6．The students were busy ______ apples.
[ ]
A．to pick
B．picking
C．with picking
D．pick
7．Did you see the boy ______?
[ ]
A．punishing
B．being punished
C．punish
D．to be punished
8．Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner.
[ ]
A．smoke
B．to smoke
C．smoking
D．being smoked
9．The pen ______ belongs to me.
[ ]
A．which it is on the table
B．lying on the table
C．is on the table
D．which on the table
10．We walked as fast as we could, ______ to catch the 9∶00 train.
[ ]
A．hoping
B．to hope
C．we hope
D．being hoped
Keys：
1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A
6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A
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问题149174
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