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[学生讨论教室]>[英语]>[查看问题]

问题149170

提问者:lqwxkck

 状态:本题有学员回复 提问时间:2003-7-29 22:07:00 价值0
标题:Ψ冠词的★常考用法Ψ

正文

冠词的用法比较琐碎、复杂,经常考一些比较特殊的现象,比如说冠词与数词的结合用法,冠词与形容词,冠词与名词(姓氏,地点)等综合在一起用。基于冠词的琐碎性与复杂性,本文将通过例举大量的例题加以说明。在逐条讲解之前,请同学们试做以下几题检测一下自己的能力。 1.─What’s your elder sister? ─She is ______ teacher and ______ writer. A.the ;the B.a; / C.a; a D.the; a 2.─My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by here? ─I saw ______ boy hidden behind ______ tree over there. You may go and have a look. A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a 3.─Were they ______ first to fly to ______ space? ─Yes, so they felt ______ bit proud. A.the; ×; a B.a; a; a C.a; the; × D.the; the; the 4.Bill Cliton took ______ office on January 20th, 1993, and became ______ 42nd US President. A.an; the B./; the C.the; / D./; / 5.Summers in ______ south of France are for ______ most part dry and sunny. A./;a B.the; / C./; / D.the; the 6.We learn to go all out to work for ______ good of ______ society. A.the ;/ B./; / C./; a D.the; the 7.In China, ______ bicycle is ______ popular means of transportation. A.the; a B.the; the C.a; the D.a; × 8.─Do you like the novels? ─I don’t like either of them. Please show me______ third one. A.a B.the C./ D.an 9.Keep away from the cage. ______ lion is ______ fierce animal. A.The; the B.A; the C.A; / D.The; a 10.My mother is usually on ______ duty in her office every ______ few days. A.the; a B./; a C./; / D.a; / Key: 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C 当大家做完这几个题,如能全部做对并能理解,那说明对冠词还是比较了解了。如做得不好,请仔细阅读下文。在我们分条讲解之前,请大家先明确一个概念:冠词可分定冠词(the)与不定冠词(a/an)。定冠词表“特定”的含义,而不定冠词表“泛指”。另外,有时候冠词是不需要的,即“零冠词”。 一、不定冠词 1.泛指人,事或物的类别相当于any A steel worker makes steel. 钢铁工人炼钢。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一个能飞的机器。 2.泛指某人或某物 A man is waiting for you. 一男的在等你。 There is an apple on the desk. 桌上有一个苹果。 3.当a或an修饰由and连接的两个名词,如:a singer and dancer, 时,a或an同时修饰了singer与dancer,而且这两者指的是同一个人。因此,He is a singer and dancer.意思是:他不仅是歌手还是一个舞者。 现在请大家回过去看本文一开始所列出的练习。第1题就是讲了所说明的情况。She is a teacher and Writer.意思是她既是老师又是作家。第2题的头一个空“a boy”即讲解之中的泛指某人。第7题中的第二个空表“物的类别”。第9题的第二个空中也表示“物的类别”,a fierce animal. 4.a还可以用在一些固定搭配中: a few /little(一些),a lot of(许多),a bit(一点), a couple of(一双),a great deal of(许多)等。 5.a还可能序数词连用,这个时候,它表示“再,又”之意,如: let’s buy a third hat. 让我们再买一个帽子。 He tried a tenth times. 他又试了第十次。 第8题中“a third one”即这种情况。 6.a有时还可表示“every”的意思,如: He works eight hours a day. 他每天工作8小时。 二、定冠词 1.表世界上独一无二的事物,如: We can’t live without the sun. 没有太阳我们活不了。 The earth is the most precious for human beings. 地球对人类来说最宝贵。 2.用在序数词,形容词最高级之前,如: He is the most handsome boy in the class. 他是班里最英俊的男孩。 This is the second largest room in this school. 这是这所学校第二大的房间。 第4题中的“the 42nd US President”就属于这种情况。 3.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。如: the United Nation(联合国) the Communist Party of China中国共产党 the Changjiang River 长江 the Forbidden City 紫禁城 the Summer Palace 颐和园 4.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组中,如: on the right (left ) 在右(左)边 in the east of China 在中国东边 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening在早晨(中午、晚上) on the other hand另一方面 in the end 最后 in the day 在白天 第5题中的“in the south of France”就属于这种情况。 5.用在形容词前表一类人,如: The poor always want to become rich. 穷人总想变富。 The old can get along well with the young if they are more open minded. 如果老人思想开放些,他们能跟年青人融洽地相处。 6.特指某人或某物,尤其当名词由定语或其他词修饰或限定时,如: He is the boy whose father is the thief caught here yesterday. 他就是那昨天在这儿被抓的小偷的孩子。“boy”与“thief” 均有修饰成分,故前面都用了定冠词“the”。 第2题中的“the tree”也一样,因为它后面有限定词over there。 7.在姓氏复数形式前,表一家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。如: The Smiths will go to London for a holiday this summer. 史密斯一家今年夏天要去伦敦度假。 8.用在单数可数名词前,表某一类人或物: The tiger is a fierce animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。 第7题与第9题都属于这种情况。 9.演奏乐器前必须加“the”,如: play the violin, play the Piano. 10.在表某个年代时,经常这么说: in the 1870’s , in the twenties(二十年代)。 三、不用冠词 1.双名词词组中,如: husband and wife(夫妻),brother and sister(兄妹), light and dark (光明与黑暗),day and night (日夜), arm in arm(臂挽臂),inch by inch(丝毫不差地), from top to bottom(从头到脚),hand in hand(手拉手)。 2.介词词组: to (at, from) school, in class, in (at) university, to/in/from church, to/in/into out of prison, to/at work, to /in/from town, at home to(at) sea, at night (noon, midnight), by car (bus, bike, Plane, train, boat), on foot, in bed, on horseback(骑马) 注:在有些词组中,有冠词和没有冠词意义不同: in hospital(住院) in the hospital(在医院里) go to college(上大学) go to the college(到学校去) go to church(做礼拜) go to the church(去教堂) go to prison(坐牢) go to the prison(去监狱) in front of…(在…之前) in the front of(在…的前部,指内部) three of us(我们当中的三个) the tree of us(我们三个都) at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌旁) 3.专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名,地名前,一般不用冠词。 如:China, Smith, Air is matter, Let’s go to space(让我们去太空) 4.当可数名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。 This book is mine. 5.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。但如果月份等被一个定词修饰时,则应该加冠词,如: He joined the Army in the spring of 1992. 6.学科名称、球类、棋类名词前不加冠词。 He like playing football /chess. 他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。 关于冠词的解析基本上就这些,同学们在熟记这些规则的同时,一定要学会灵活运用。一定要理解定冠词与不定冠词的区别在于被修饰的词是否是特定的。下面再提供一些练习供同学们巩固已有知识。 1.Which is heavier ,______ elephant or ______ horse? A.the; a B.a; a C./;/ D.an; a 2.Do you see the driver sitting in ______ front of the bus? A./ B.the C.a D.an 3.No human being can change the law of ______. A.in prison B.to prison C.at the prison D.in the prison 4.He stole the money and they put him ______. A.in prison B.to prison C.at the prison D.in the prison 5.______ Europe and ______ America are separated by ______ Atlantic Ocean. A./;/;the B./;/;/ C.The; the; / D.The; the; the 6.That’s not our house. It belongs to ______. A.the Turners’ B.the Turners C.the Turner’s D.Turners 7.Kunming is ______ place where the weather is neither too hot in ______ summer nor too cold in ______ winter. A.a; the; the B.the; the; the C.a; /;/ D./; /; / 8.______Yellow River is ______ second longest river in our country. A.The; a B.An; an C.The; the D./; / 9.What ______ fine weather we are having there days! A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.Things of ______ kind come together; people of ______ kind fall into ______ same group. A.the; the; the B.a; a; the C.the; the; a D.a; the; the Keys: 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.B

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