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两人对话,乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出反应。例如:
Do you like it? -- Yes,I do. 这同样适用于陈述句的场合:
You worry too much.-- No,I don't.
在后一种情况下,乙方也能用“So+do+主语”之类的结构表示看法。例如甲方说“我喜欢苹果”,乙方如果想表示“我也喜欢苹果”,英语可以说:
A:I like apples.
B:So do I.(= I like apples,too。)
这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way,即“同样”、“也那样”,作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。本文就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
1.“So+do+主语”结构
在简短反应中表示“我也如此”或“另外一个人也如此” 时,也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上文并无可用于构成倒装的动词(即操作词时),可用此结构。例如:
A:I like playing football.
B:So do I./So does my brother./So did my father.
如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时,则用相同的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。
I must go -- So must I.
John can speak French.--So can I.
I've got a new car.--So has John.
She is clever.-- So is he.
2.“Neither/Nor + do + 主语”结构
如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样看法时,可用此结构。例如,甲方说I can't swim,乙方如果想表示“我也不会游泳”,英语可以说Neither can I/Nor can I(=I can't either)。又例如:
A:He doesn't speak French.
B:Neither/Nor do I.
Neither/Nor does my brother.
Neither/Nor does my father.
关于以上两种结构,有两点说明:第一,能用动词缩略形式。例如:
I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is)
I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has)
I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So'd John.(would)
John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I.(have)
Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
第二,上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人之口。例如:
John can speak French and so can't I.
John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I.
John speaks French and so do I.
John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I.
上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too /and I can't either/and I do too / and I don't either的意思。
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